Mr Maheshkumar Mohite, Dr R V Kulkarni, with title "Application Of Factor Analysis In Job Satisfaction Of Employees In It Companies" Published in "International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 11, November-2019 Page Number 749- 759 ISSN 2229-5518" http://www.ijser.org
Abstract:
Employees
from IT companies are facing various problems in his or her job that’s an effect
on job satisfaction. Technical companies are struggling to secure his or her employees
happiness and own business life. Employees are the backbone of any
organization. Employers are always thinking about the employee. The present
research paper highlighted factors influenced on Job satisfaction of employees
and know level of job satisfaction of employees. Factor analysis statistical
method used for data analysis. This Research concentrated on gender-wise factor
which is influenced by job satisfaction. Employee means respondents are working
in Information Technology companies. The researcher has selected 370
respondents from selected IT companies of Kolhapur city as a sample for the
study; Adopted Convenience and simple random sampling technique; Primary data
and secondary data used for this research. Collected data was analyzed, interpreted with
the help of suitable statistical tools such that factor analysis, percentage,
mean, etc. Research Result shows that level of job satisfaction of employee and
important factor which are influenced on (or an effect on) job satisfaction of
employees.
Key Words: factor
analysis, job satisfaction in gender-wise, application of factor analysis
Job
satisfaction is the focal point of all companies for internal and external
growth. In today’s globalized era, it has become very difficult to maintain
customers of IT Companies. Needs and expectations differ from customer to
customer, employee to employee, employee to employer and employee to customer. Upgraded
Information Technology expectations are increasing day by day. Technical
Employees and Employers are under pressure. Lots of computation found in IT
business. Indian Technical industry has been witnessing severe competition and
rapidly changing business. Everyday winning in the modern business world is the
most important role handled by IT employees. It has resulted in increased
expectations of smart consumers and customers. Job satisfaction most essentials
to every company. IT companies are always run satisfaction surveys for the company’s
growth. In this research paper, the researcher has studied factors showing Job
satisfaction of Employee.
Objective:
·
To know the level of job satisfaction of
employees in IT Companies
·
To identify the factor influenced on Job
Satisfaction of employees (gender-wise) using factor analysis.
Methodology:
The Descriptive research
methodology was selected to discover the important factors of Job satisfaction
from Information Technology employees. Respondents or employees from selected
IT companies of Kolhapur City. The
author has explored job satisfaction factors. Hence, the present research is
exploratory. The primary data has been gathered through a simple random & convenience
sampling method used. To accomplish the stated objective primary data was
collected through a self- designed structured questionnaire. The questionnaire
comprises a scale to assess the factors in terms of employee prefer. The study
is conducted in selected IT companies in Kolhapur city. The employees from
these and willing to fill up the questionnaire (include a demographic question
gender, the highest qualification, 48 statements by five-point Likert Scale for
observation, etc) is the sample unit under the study. The Researcher has used the combination of MSQ
and Job Satisfaction Survey to identify and measure the level of Job
Satisfaction. Single Global Rating & Summation Job facets used to reach the
research objective. Secondary data collected through review article, books,
blogs, etc. Total
of 370 respondents have filled the questionnaire, and it is the sample size of
the study. Suitable statistical tools have been applied to analyse the
collected data such as percentages, averages, factor analysis, with the help of
SPSS, MS Excel, XLStat application software. Project Duration: 10 January 2018
to 10 July 2019
Theoretical background:
(1) Locke in 1969, 1976 was defined job satisfaction as
"a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of
one's job or job experiences.”
(2) Author1 stated in the article title ’Human
Resources Management Practices in Modern World’ that “Modern Human Resources (M-HR) was defined bringing clarity,
simplicity, enhancing, maintaining, capturing, assigning & caring human in
personal, organisation and within organisation. M-HR aim is trying to fulfill
requirement of employee, employer, upcoming candidate and unselected
candidate.” Again he was explained, “Modern Human Resources Management (M-HRM)
is a process of bringing people, employee, employer, unselected candidate, and
organisation and other than organisation together so that the goals, mission
and objectives of each are met. M-HRM focusing systematically, effectively
manages, maintain, control, develop human.” It was designed to maximize
employee performance for organizations and country
(3) Author1 stated in the article title ‘Job
Satisfaction Factors of Employee in Virtual Workplace: Review’ stated that there was following important
Factors that influenced on job satisfaction which are Place, Work, Time,
Stress, Gender, Age, Experience, Immediate superior, Relationship,
Communication, Technology, Payment, Policy, Security, Responsibility, Personal,
dependency, Guidance, Achievement, Traveling, Social, Status, Trust, Feedback,
Help, Psychology and Law
(4) Article shared by venkatesh was reviewed definition of
Fieldman and Arnold told that Job satisfaction will be defined as the amount of
overall positive effect or feeling that has been individuals and it will towards their jobs. Andrew Brin has defined Job
satisfaction is the amount of pleasure or contentment associated with a job. If
you like your job intensely, you will experience high job satisfaction also
told that If you dislike your job intensely, you will experience job
dissatisfaction. The Author told that organizational, work environmental; work
itself and personal factor effect on Job satisfaction.
(5) Factor analysis and Reliability
Analysis: “Both are statistical techniques used to reduce a larger set of
measured items (i.e, observed variables) into a smaller set of latent
constructs. According to study, firstly use factor analysis to organize the
items into constructs and then use reliability analysis to determine how well
each construct holds together”. According to review ‘Majority Researchers typically use factor analysis
first to organize the items into constructs and then use reliability analysis
to determine how well each construct holds together also be sure reliability of
items that must be reliable’
(6) Principal Component Analysis used for data
reduction. It requires a large sample size. Varimax with Kaiser Normalization
was used to reduce groups of variables to theoretically important latent
variables.
(7) Factor Loading & Name assigning to the factor:
Researchers1 Study told that the higher the absolute value of the
loading, the more the factor contributes to the variable. Firstly, looked or
see the all content of variable (in simple say items or observed
statements) that load onto the same
factor to trying to identify more common themes if available, otherwise items
measured highly correlated to provide reasonable bases for factor name decision and secondly,
check all items reliability of each component by statistics test. Items must be
reliable during factor name assigned.
(8) Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin
Measure did for Sampling Adequacy (considered 0.5 above value for adequacy)
(According to study 0.00 to 0.49 unacceptable, 0.50 to 0.59 miserable, 0.60 to
0.69 mediocre, 0.70 to 0.79 middling, 0.80 to 0.89 meritorious, 0.90 to 1.00
marvelous.) & Bartlett’s
Test of Sphericity (if Sig. p < 0.05, rejection of hypothesis). Both of
these Test indicates that data is suitable for conducting factor analysis.
(9) According to Marsh,
H. W., Morin, A. J., Parker, P. D., & Kaur, G. (2014) Advantage of Factor
analysis is resolving the common problem, in real contexts, of non-zero
cross-loading and Disadvantages of factor analysis is Fit indexes, data-drive
structure without theory, problems with measurement errors, you can´t include
common variance of the method and, most important, it can´t be used to test
structural equation models.
Data analysis and interpretation:
Data was collected & then after it is analyzed
and interpreted as,
(a) Table
1 Showing Demographic Analysis
|
|
Variable |
F |
% |
|
|
1 |
Gender |
Male |
166 |
45
% |
|
Female |
204 |
55
% |
||
|
2 |
Highest Qualification |
Polytechnic Diploma |
39 |
11
% |
|
Graduate |
175 |
47
% |
||
|
Post Graduate |
108 |
29
% |
||
|
Doctorate (Ph.D.) |
27 |
7
% |
||
|
Technical Courses |
21 |
6
% |
||
Interpretation 1:
Out of 100% of respondent Male employees
were 45% and Female employees were 55%. Majority of female employees are more. Qualifications
of Respondents with Polytechnic Diploma are 11 %, Graduate are 47 %, Post
Graduate are 29 %, Doctorate (Ph.D.) are 07 %, and Technical Courses are 6 %.
Maximum Graduated respondents are working in IT companies.
(b) Table 2 Showing Male & Female and
Overall Responses with the percentage.
|
Respondent |
Counted Received response from respondents |
Total |
||||
|
SD |
D |
U |
A |
SA |
||
|
Male |
41 (25%) |
47 (28%) |
12 (7%) |
45 (27%) |
21 (13%) |
166 (100%) |
|
Female |
62 (30%) |
67 (33%) |
6 (3%) |
43 (21%) |
26 (13%) |
204 (100%) |
|
Overall |
103 (28% ) |
114 (31%) |
18 (5 %) |
88 (24%) |
47 (13%) |
370 (100%) |
|
Source: Primary Data | |
||||||
Interpretation 2:
Out
of 370 (100%) Male 166 (45%) and Female 204 (55%)
responded. Female respondents are more
than male employees. Respondent was responded 103 (28% ) as SD, 114 (31%) as D,
18 (5 %) as U, 88 (24%) as A and 47 (13%) as SA with summation from observed
statements. The Majority of respondents show below disagree responded with
statements, which means respective observed statements are important for
satisfaction. Note that decided score such as, ‘1: Strongly Dissagree (SD)’,’2:
Disagree (D)’,’3: Undecided (U)’,’4: Agree’ (A), ‘5: Strongly Agree (SA)’.
(c) Table 3 Showing Male & Female and Overall
Responses, mean, Standard Deviation
.
|
Q No |
Observation / Items / Questions
/Statements |
Male |
Female |
Overall |
|||
|
M_N = 166 |
F_N = 204 |
N = 370 |
|||||
|
Mean |
SD |
Mean |
SD |
Mean |
SD |
||
|
1 |
Pays & Benefits
Comparing With Other IT Company |
2.16 |
1.19 |
1.91 |
0.99 |
2.02 |
1.09 |
|
2 |
Present Salary, Wages |
2.08 |
1.17 |
1.75 |
0.96 |
1.90 |
1.07 |
|
3 |
Co-workers Help |
3.12 |
1.42 |
2.83 |
1.51 |
2.96 |
1.48 |
|
4 |
Team Members Support |
2.24 |
1.11 |
2.05 |
1.03 |
2.14 |
1.07 |
|
5 |
Its Ok Job In Itself |
2.19 |
1.20 |
1.79 |
0.96 |
1.97 |
1.09 |
|
6 |
Sufficient Info For
Work |
2.58 |
1.33 |
2.26 |
1.21 |
2.40 |
1.27 |
|
7 |
Supervisor Help |
2.27 |
1.22 |
1.84 |
0.91 |
2.04 |
1.08 |
|
8 |
Other Departmental
Supervision |
3.06 |
1.36 |
2.89 |
1.38 |
2.97 |
1.38 |
|
9 |
Employee Policy Is On
Paper Only |
3.75 |
1.20 |
3.83 |
1.20 |
3.80 |
1.20 |
|
10 |
T & C Of Customer |
2.91 |
1.36 |
2.61 |
1.37 |
2.75 |
1.37 |
|
11 |
Team Members Trust |
2.51 |
1.31 |
1.99 |
1.10 |
2.22 |
1.22 |
|
12 |
Listening With Each
Other By Work Members |
2.27 |
1.21 |
2.03 |
1.07 |
2.14 |
1.14 |
|
13 |
Physical Working
Condition At Work |
2.29 |
1.23 |
1.83 |
1.09 |
2.04 |
1.18 |
|
14 |
Physical Working
Condition In Client Organization |
2.02 |
1.26 |
1.82 |
0.96 |
1.91 |
1.11 |
|
15 |
Hope Of Better Post In
This Company |
2.21 |
1.25 |
1.75 |
0.93 |
1.96 |
1.11 |
|
16 |
Work Is Challenging |
2.19 |
1.25 |
1.88 |
0.99 |
2.02 |
1.12 |
|
17 |
Work Is To Fast |
3.82 |
1.25 |
3.79 |
1.35 |
3.80 |
1.30 |
|
18 |
Feel Relax During Work |
2.37 |
1.32 |
2.10 |
1.20 |
2.22 |
1.26 |
|
19 |
Finding Exact Fault |
3.53 |
1.34 |
3.22 |
1.50 |
3.36 |
1.44 |
|
20 |
Feel Alone In Critical
Work |
3.92 |
1.28 |
3.94 |
1.20 |
3.93 |
1.24 |
|
21 |
Technical Changes
Affected On Mental |
3.63 |
1.24 |
4.06 |
1.07 |
3.87 |
1.17 |
|
22 |
Stressfully Work |
4.05 |
0.97 |
4.05 |
1.08 |
4.05 |
1.03 |
|
23 |
Assigned Work Is
Positive |
2.22 |
1.17 |
1.89 |
1.08 |
2.04 |
1.13 |
|
24 |
Work Life Policy Good |
2.27 |
1.33 |
1.99 |
1.19 |
2.11 |
1.26 |
|
25 |
Location Of Work
Wellness |
2.71 |
1.35 |
2.19 |
1.30 |
2.42 |
1.34 |
|
26 |
Expect In Home City
Work |
3.85 |
1.09 |
3.96 |
1.12 |
3.91 |
1.11 |
|
27 |
Social Media Effect On
My Satisfaction |
4.07 |
1.09 |
4.15 |
1.05 |
4.12 |
1.07 |
|
28 |
Organisation Famous In
Social Site |
2.08 |
1.11 |
1.82 |
1.09 |
1.94 |
1.10 |
|
29 |
Immediate Superior
Talk |
3.81 |
1.14 |
4.11 |
1.03 |
3.98 |
1.09 |
|
30 |
Skipping Question By
Senior |
3.51 |
1.28 |
3.34 |
1.42 |
3.42 |
1.36 |
|
31 |
Caring Your Health |
2.37 |
1.26 |
1.86 |
1.01 |
2.09 |
1.16 |
|
32 |
Meditation Provides |
1.99 |
0.98 |
1.85 |
0.91 |
1.91 |
0.94 |
|
33 |
Well With Upgrade
Technical Skill |
2.30 |
1.24 |
2.73 |
1.49 |
2.54 |
1.40 |
|
34 |
Less Time Given During
Learning |
3.93 |
1.00 |
4.07 |
1.00 |
4.01 |
1.00 |
|
35 |
Future Opportunity For
Learning |
2.69 |
1.39 |
2.35 |
1.40 |
2.50 |
1.41 |
|
36 |
Best Training Provider |
2.53 |
1.38 |
2.03 |
1.10 |
2.26 |
1.26 |
|
37 |
Business Strategy
Focused |
3.20 |
1.36 |
2.64 |
1.51 |
2.89 |
1.47 |
|
38 |
Leader Understood
Business Climate |
2.69 |
1.37 |
2.24 |
1.21 |
2.44 |
1.30 |
|
39 |
Support By Manager For
Training |
2.39 |
1.37 |
1.75 |
1.03 |
2.04 |
1.23 |
|
40 |
Developing Employees |
2.32 |
1.25 |
1.94 |
0.98 |
2.11 |
1.12 |
|
41 |
Organization Culture |
2.64 |
1.38 |
2.24 |
1.34 |
2.42 |
1.37 |
|
42 |
Promotion Of Learning
And Creativity Activity |
2.60 |
1.32 |
2.12 |
1.14 |
2.33 |
1.24 |
|
43 |
Customer Service Is
Good |
2.44 |
1.38 |
2.75 |
1.55 |
2.61 |
1.48 |
|
44 |
Received Customer
Focus Training |
3.58 |
1.37 |
3.41 |
1.45 |
3.48 |
1.42 |
|
45 |
Communicated Well Of
Company Goal |
2.16 |
1.12 |
1.80 |
0.97 |
1.96 |
1.06 |
|
46 |
Idea Sharing In
Company |
2.12 |
1.15 |
1.86 |
0.93 |
1.98 |
1.04 |
|
47 |
Feedback |
2.01 |
1.08 |
1.86 |
1.06 |
1.93 |
1.07 |
|
48 |
Guidance |
2.54 |
1.34 |
2.28 |
1.27 |
2.40 |
1.31 |
|
|
Mean Of Means |
2.75 |
0.67 |
2.53 |
0.83 |
2.63 |
0.75 |
|
{Source: Primary Data, SPSS output} |
|||||||
Interpretation 3:
Above
analysis shows Out of 370 (100%) employees given responses. In this male 166 (45%)
and female 204 (55%) given response. Male employees: summation of job
satisfaction response that is mean of means 2.75 st dev 0.67 and Female employees: summation of job
satisfaction response that is mean of means 2.53 std dev 0.83. Total 370 (100%)
Overall Job satisfaction mean value is 2.63 st dev 0.75. The Majority of
employees found Female employees are more. Response responsed by five point Likert Scale. There
were used observed 48 statements are in positive theme; response obtained and
taken the appropriate scoring decision for analysis such as ‘1: Strogly Disagree’,’2:
Disagree’,’3: Undecided’,’4: Agree’,‘5: Strongly Agree’. The level of
Satisfaction score are categorized by Very low (1.0 to 1.8 mean value), low
(1.8 to 2.60 mean value), medium (2.61 to 3.40 mean value), high (3.41 to 4.20
mean value) and very high (4.21 to 5.00) level of satisfaction. According to a study
it was concluded that there was ‘Medium Level of Job Satisfaction’ found in
Male respondent whose summation score is 2.75. There were ‘Low Level of Job Satisfaction’
found in Female respondent whose summation score is 2.53. There were ‘Medium
Level of Job Satisfaction’ found in overall respondents in Information
technology companies.
(d) Factors Analysis:
The researcher was
interested to know the important factors that are contributed to job
satisfaction to understand the factors exploratory factor analysis (Principle
component) technique is used. Firstly,
a researcher was decided for Reliability Analysis for checked-out item or
variable are suitable for analysis. Item N= 48, Overall Respondent O_N is 370, Male
Respondents, M_N = 166 and For Female Respondents, F_N = 204.
(d.1) Reliability Analysis Staus:
Below result
shows Reliability status of items by without deleted any item,
(d.1.a)
For Overall respondents O_N = 370, N of Item 48. The Cronbach’s Alpha
coefficient is 0.87 mean 126.28 variance 485.174 st dev 22.02. The Scale is
reliable, all items.
(d.1.b) For
Male Respondents, M_N = 166, Item 48.
The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient is 0.883 mean 132.19 variance 555.369
st dev 23.56. The Scale is reliable, all items.
(d.1.c)
For Female Respondents, F_N = 204, Item 48.
The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient is 0.78 mean 121.47 variance 378.724
std dev 19.46. The Scale is reliable, all items. Next, the researcher was
decided for conducting Factor Analysis
of Male Respondents M_N= 166 of items 48.
Next,
Researcher are conducting factor analysis of Male respondents total counted 166
and observation/ items/ statements 48, see below.
(d.2) (Male Respondents) Factor
Analysis : M_N= 166 of items 48
(d.2.1) Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin
& Bartlett’s test: (Male
Respondents only): Firstly did Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure for Sampling Adequacy
(consider 0.5 above value for adequacy) & Bartlett’s test of Sphericity (if Sig. p < 0.05,
rejection of hypothesis). Both of these tests indicates that data is suitable
for conducting factor analysis. According to data analysis (KMO is 0.809 & p is 0.0000 ) that means data is
suitable for conducting factor analysis.
(d.2.2) Factor
Extraction: (Male
Respondents only)
|
Total Variance Explained |
|||||||||
|
Component |
Initial Eigenvalues |
Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings |
Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings |
||||||
|
Total |
% of Variance |
Cumulative % |
Total |
% of Variance |
Cumulative % |
Total |
% of Variance |
Cumulative % |
|
|
1 |
18.452 |
38.442 |
38.442 |
18.452 |
38.442 |
38.442 |
13.002 |
27.088 |
27.088 |
|
2 |
7.638 |
15.913 |
54.355 |
7.638 |
15.913 |
54.355 |
5.473 |
11.401 |
38.489 |
|
3 |
2.934 |
6.112 |
60.467 |
2.934 |
6.112 |
60.467 |
5.293 |
11.027 |
49.517 |
|
4 |
2.682 |
5.587 |
66.055 |
2.682 |
5.587 |
66.055 |
4.582 |
9.545 |
59.062 |
|
5 |
2.048 |
4.267 |
70.321 |
2.048 |
4.267 |
70.321 |
2.761 |
5.752 |
64.814 |
|
6 |
1.593 |
3.319 |
73.640 |
1.593 |
3.319 |
73.640 |
2.603 |
5.422 |
70.236 |
|
7 |
1.081 |
2.252 |
75.893 |
1.081 |
2.252 |
75.893 |
2.499 |
5.207 |
75.443 |
|
8 |
1.062 |
2.212 |
78.105 |
1.062 |
2.212 |
78.105 |
1.278 |
2.662 |
78.105 |
|
9 |
0.992 |
2.066 |
80.170 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Note: Eigenvalues greater than 1 (one) is
sufficient for the decision of identifying factor, so Component 10 to 47 not
wrote here. > |
|||||||||
|
48 |
0.012 |
0.026 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Extraction
Method: Principal Component Analysis. | SPSS output |
|||||||||
The above table
shows that all factors are extractable from the analysis along with their eigenvalues,
the percentage of variance attributable to each factor, the cumulative variance
of the factor and previous factors. From the above table, it is identified that
there are Eight factors with eigenvalues
greater than 1 (one).
(d.2.3) Factor rotation (Male
Respondents only) :
In this
study researcher used Extraction Method was Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method was Varimax with Kaiser Normalization & at least 0.40 for
noting the significant factor) 8
components were extracted from 48 variables. The researcher considered factor
scores of at least 0.40 for noting the significant factor, as the sample size
was 370 in this study. The variable which has the highest loading on the
particular factor has been assigned under that certain factor.
(d.2.4) Factor Loading and Assigning Name, Decision: (Male
Respondents only):
Factor loading
and Final Label is assigned to the factor. Next is tested the reliability of
items (with the deleted items for fitting reliable). Correlation value of items
(or variable) was sorted high to low loading in the related components. The following
table shows component or factor, factor loading, Correlation value, reliability
test value and final name assigned to the particular component.
|
Q No |
Particular |
Items |
Value |
Reliability Test |
*Final Name Assigned |
|
Cronbach's Alpha |
|||||
|
16 |
Factor 1 |
Work Is Challenging |
0.859 |
0.943 |
Challenging Work in Excellent Physical
Working Condition |
|
14 |
Physical Working
Condition In Client Organization |
0.889 |
|||
|
40 |
Developing Employees |
0.844 |
|||
|
15 |
Hope Of Better Post In
This Company |
0.821 |
|||
|
46 |
Idea Sharing In
Company |
0.818 |
|||
|
42 |
Factor 2 |
Promotion Of Learning
And Creativity Activity |
0.861 |
0.933 |
Promotion Of Learning, Creativity
Activity in Business Climate |
|
38 |
Leader Understood
Business Climate |
0.842 |
|||
|
25 |
Location Of Work
Wellness |
0.830 |
|||
|
41 |
Organization Culture |
0.829 |
|||
|
11 |
Team Members Trust |
0.748 |
|||
|
19 |
Factor 3 |
Finding Exact Fault |
0.790 |
0.877 |
Accurate Fault Finding and Diagnosis |
|
30 |
Skipping Question By
Senior |
0.716 |
|||
|
44 |
Received Customer
Focus Training |
0.715 |
|||
|
37 |
Business Strategy
Focused |
0.676 |
|||
|
3 |
Co-workers Help |
0.610 |
|||
|
8 |
Other Departmental
Supervision |
0.597 |
|||
|
32 |
Factor 4 |
Meditation Provides |
0.805 |
0.735 |
Meditation |
|
47 |
Feedback |
0.693 |
|||
|
24 |
Work-Life Policy Good |
0.585 |
|||
|
28 |
Organisation
Famous In Social Site |
0.735 |
|||
|
23 |
Factor 5 |
Assigned Work Is
Positive |
0.755 |
0.856 |
Positive Work Life Policy |
|
24 |
Work-Life Policy Good |
0.755 |
|||
|
8 |
Factor 6 |
Other
Departmental Supervision |
0.704 |
0.835 |
Departmental Supervision |
|
10 |
T
& C Of Customer |
0.675 |
|||
|
37 |
Business
Strategy Focused |
0.671 |
|||
|
9 |
Employee Policy Is On
Paper Only |
0.610 |
|||
|
31 |
Factor 7 |
Caring Your Health |
0.753 |
0.861 |
HealthCare |
|
13 |
Physical Working
Condition At Work |
0.737 |
|||
|
36 |
Best
Training Provider |
0.727 |
|||
|
27 |
Factor 8 |
Social Media effect On
My Satisfaction |
0.450 |
0.618 |
Social Media |
|
22 |
Stressfully Work |
0.450 |
Finally author concluded that, These are
Eight important Factor influenced on Job Satisfaction of Male Employee
in Information Technology Companies that are (1) Challenging Work in Excellent
Physical Working Condition (2) Promotion of Learning, Creativity Activity in
Business Climate (3) Accurately Fault Finding and Diagnosis (4) Meditation (5) Positive
Work Life Policy (6) Departmental Supervision (7) Healthcare (8) Social Media. Next, the researcher was
decided for conducting Factor Analysis
of Female Respondents F_N= 204 of items 48.
Next,
Researcher are conducting factor analysis of Female respondents total counted
204 and observation/ items/ statements 48, see below.
(d.3)
(Female Respondents) Factor
Analysis: F_N= 204 | items 48
(d.3.1)
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin & Bartlett’s
test: (Female Respondents
only) : According to data
analysis (KMO is 0.780 & p is 0.0000
) that means data is suitable for conducting factor analysis.
(d.3.2) Factor Extraction: (Female Respondents) F_N= 204 (Female Respondents only)
|
Total
Variance Explained |
|||||||||
|
Component |
Initial
Eigenvalues |
Extraction
Sums of Squared Loadings |
Rotation
Sums of Squared Loadings |
||||||
|
Total |
% of
Variance |
Cumulative
% |
Total |
% of
Variance |
Cumulative
% |
Total |
% of
Variance |
Cumulative
% |
|
|
1 |
17.978 |
37.453 |
37.453 |
17.978 |
37.453 |
37.453 |
11.985 |
24.968 |
24.968 |
|
2 |
7.175 |
14.947 |
52.401 |
7.175 |
14.947 |
52.401 |
6.433 |
13.401 |
38.369 |
|
3 |
3.593 |
7.486 |
59.887 |
3.593 |
7.486 |
59.887 |
4.560 |
9.500 |
47.869 |
|
4 |
2.567 |
5.348 |
65.235 |
2.567 |
5.348 |
65.235 |
3.323 |
6.924 |
54.792 |
|
5 |
2.221 |
4.627 |
69.863 |
2.221 |
4.627 |
69.863 |
2.956 |
6.157 |
60.949 |
|
6 |
1.511 |
3.148 |
73.010 |
1.511 |
3.148 |
73.010 |
2.794 |
5.820 |
66.769 |
|
7 |
1.327 |
2.765 |
75.775 |
1.327 |
2.765 |
75.775 |
2.774 |
5.779 |
72.549 |
|
8 |
1.275 |
2.657 |
78.432 |
1.275 |
2.657 |
78.432 |
2.050 |
4.271 |
76.820 |
|
9 |
1.204 |
2.509 |
80.941 |
1.204 |
2.509 |
80.941 |
1.645 |
3.428 |
80.247 |
|
10 |
1.046 |
2.179 |
83.120 |
1.046 |
2.179 |
83.120 |
1.379 |
2.873 |
83.120 |
|
11 |
0.860 |
1.792 |
84.912 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Note:
Eigen values greater than 1 (one) is sufficient for decision of identifying
factor, so Component 12 to 47 not wrote here. > |
|||||||||
|
48 |
0.007 |
0.015 |
100.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Extraction Method: Principal
Component Analysis.| SPSS output |
|||||||||
The above table
shows that all factors are extractable from the analysis along with their eigenvalues,
the percentage of variance attributable to each factor, the cumulative variance
of the factor and previous factors. From the above table, it is identified that
there are Ten factors with eigenvalues
greater than 1 (one).
(d.3.3) Factor rotation (Female
Respondents only):
In this study researcher used Extraction Method was Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method was
Varimax with Kaiser Normalization & at least 0.40 for noting the
significant factor) 9
components were extracted from 48 variables. The researcher considered factor
scores of at least 0.40 for noting the significant factor, as the sample size
was 370 in this study. The variable which has the highest loading on the
particular factor has been assigned under that certain factor.
(d.3.4) Factor Loading and Assigning Name, Decision: (Female
Respondents only):
Factor loading
and Final Label is assigned to factor. Next is tested reliability of items
(with the deleted items for fitting reliable). A Correlation value of items (or
variable) was sorted high to low loading in the related components. The following
table shows component or factor, factor loading, Correlation value, reliability
test value and final name assigned to particular component.
|
Q No |
Particular |
Items |
Value |
Reliability Test |
*Final Name Assigned |
|
Cronbach's Alpha |
|||||
|
25 |
Factor 1 |
Location Of Work
Wellness |
0.836 |
0.964 |
Suitable Work Location |
|
40 |
Developing Employees |
0.825 |
|||
|
31 |
Caring Your Health |
0.814 |
|||
|
41 |
Organization Culture |
0.808 |
|||
|
38 |
Leader Understood
Business Climate |
0.798 |
|||
|
12 |
Listening With Each
Other By Work Members |
0.797 |
|||
|
42 |
Promotion Of Learning
And Creativity Activity |
0.795 |
|||
|
11 |
Team Members Trust |
0.792 |
|||
|
35 |
Future Opportunity For
Learning |
0.779 |
|||
|
6 |
Sufficient Info For
Work |
0.770 |
|||
|
45 |
Communicated Well Of
Company Goal |
0.757 |
|||
|
39 |
Support By Manager For
Training |
0.753 |
|||
|
46 |
Idea Sharing In
Company |
0.742 |
|||
|
15 |
Hope Of Better Post In
This Company |
0.740 |
|||
|
36 |
Work Is Challenging |
0.738 |
|||
|
13 |
Physical Working
Condition At Work |
0.717 |
|||
|
4 |
Team Members Support |
0.704 |
|||
|
30 |
Factor 2 |
Skipping Question By
Senior |
0.789 |
0.919 |
Attain Query |
|
8 |
Other Departmental
Supervision |
0.771 |
|||
|
37 |
Business Strategy
Focused |
0.757 |
|||
|
3 |
Co-workers Help |
0.749 |
|||
|
19 |
Finding Exact Fault |
0.747 |
|||
|
44 |
Received Customer
Focus Training |
0.746 |
|||
|
10 |
T & C Of Customer |
0.680 |
|||
|
24 |
Factor 3 |
Work Life Policy Good |
0.759 |
0.870 |
Positive Work Life Policy |
|
23 |
Assigned Work Is
Positive |
0.729 |
|||
|
32 |
Meditation Provides |
0.713 |
|||
|
47 |
Feedback |
0.711 |
|||
|
48 |
Factor 4 |
Guidance |
0.645 |
0.784 |
Guidance |
|
18 |
Feel Relax During Work |
0.645 |
|||
|
15 |
Factor 5 |
Hope Of Better Post In
This Company |
0.844 |
0.897 |
Hope of Better Position |
|
13 |
Physical Working
Condition At Work |
0.749 |
|||
|
7 |
Supervisor Help |
0.728 |
|||
|
23 |
Assigned Work Is
Positive |
0.725 |
|||
|
5 |
Its Ok Job In Itself |
0.72 |
|||
|
2 |
Factor 6 |
Pays & Benefits
Comparing With Other It Company |
0.645 |
0.849 |
Salary, Wages, Pay & Benefits |
|
1 |
Present Salary, Wages |
0.645 |
|||
|
16 |
Factor 7 |
Work Is Challenging |
0.783 |
0.820 |
Challenging Work |
|
14 |
Physical Working
Condition In Client Organization |
0.676 |
|||
|
24 |
Work Life Policy Good |
0.592 |
|||
|
22 |
Factor 8 |
Other Departmental
Supervision |
0.587 |
0.717 |
Work Stress |
|
9 |
Employee Policy Is On
Paper Only |
0.544 |
|||
|
20 |
Feel Alone In Critical
Work |
0.484 |
|||
|
36 |
Factor 9 |
Best Training Provider |
0.312 |
0.476 |
Training Provider |
|
28 |
Organisation Famous In
Social Site |
0.312 |
Finally
author concluded that, these are Nine important Factor influenced on Job
Satisfaction of Female Employee in Information Technology Companies that
are (1) Suitable Work Location (2) Attain Query (3) Positive Work Life Policy (4) Guidance (5) Hope
of Better Position (6) Salary, Wages, Pay & Benefits (7) Challenging Work
(8) Work Stress (9)Training Provider
Finding:
(1) According to the study
there was found that the level of satisfaction varies in gender-wise.
(2) A study found
that the medium level of job satisfaction seen in the overall IT employees,
medium level job satisfaction is seen in Male employee and low-level job
satisfaction is seen in Female employee from the IT companies. Female employees
are less satisfies toward her job.
(3) According to a research
study, it was seen that Job Satisfaction depends on various factors. There is
different or the same factors influenced in job satisfaction. In the case of Gender-wise
employee’s job satisfaction; there was seen that job satisfaction factors are
slightly different. In the Male & Female employees, there was found Challenging
work and positive work-life policy are the most common factors influence on job
satisfaction.
(4) It was seen in
the male employee that there are eight factors influenced in job satisfaction
these are (a) Challenging Work
in Excellent Physical Working Condition (b) Promotion of Learning, Creativity
Activity in Business Climate (c) Accurately Fault Finding and Diagnosis (d)
Meditation (e) Positive Work-Life Policy (f) Departmental Supervision (g)
Healthcare (h) Social Media.
(5) It was seen in the female employee that there are nine factors influenced on
job satisfaction
these are (a) Suitable Work Location (b) Attain Query (c) Positive Work Life
Policy (d) Guidance (e) Hope of Better Position (f) Salary, Wages, Pay &
Benefits (g) Challenging Work (h) Work Stress (i) Training Provider
Suggestion:
(1) IT companies are
sure from employees that what they need from companies. A satisfied employee
gets more benefit to business than unsatisfied employees.
(2) Male and Female
employees have a different mentality, physically and indoor-outdoor
workability.
(3) According to the study
of Male employees who are working in IT companies are expecting a challenging work with the need of good
Physical Working Conditions. Be sure about learning Promotion, Creativity
Activity is working in Business Climate, Find out accurately find & diagnosis
the fault. Meditation requires in male employees to reduce work pressure. There
are requiring Work-Life Policy by the positive way. Departmental Supervision is
good or not be sure about it. Companies should maintain the health of employee
and find out social Media affection on job satisfaction.
(4) According to study Female Employees from IT
Companies are expecting the Suitable Work Location and Attain Query
during work. They are also expecting Positive Work-Life Policy. Female
employees require well guidance from companies. They are waiting for a better
Position in companies so be choosing suitable candidate and promote to better
position. Salary, Wages, Pay &
Benefits are important in female employees. They are requiring a challenging
Work. You must try to reduce work Stress in female candidate and they require
better training provider.
(5) IT
companies should treat and understand gender-wise job satisfaction.
Conclusion:
Satisfied
in the job will get more benefits to employees and employers. Job satisfaction
depends on various factors. Gender-wise research study has been shown that
satisfaction in jobs various, different than by considering all employees. Treating
to employees by conducting individual information regarding dissatisfaction
towards job then it helps to increase employee enhancing strategy. An IT employee has a medium level of job satisfaction.
It has been clear that below are certain Factors influenced by Job
Satisfaction. Study clearly seen that factor influenced on job satisfaction in Male
Employee from IT Companies that are Challenging Work in Excellent Physical
Working Condition, Promotion of Learning, Creativity Activity in Business Climate,
Accurately Fault Finding and Diagnosis, Meditation, Positive Work-Life Policy, Departmental
Supervision, Healthcare, and Social Media is very important role in job
satisfaction. In case of female employees from IT companies study clearly seen
that factor influenced on job satisfaction that are Suitable Work Location, Attain
Query, Positive Work-Life Policy, Guidance, Hope of Better Position, Salary,
Wages, Pay & Benefits, Challenging Work, Work Stress and Training Provider is very important role in job satisfaction.
Mind and human ability are different in Male employees and Female employees.
Both they are skilled and taking various role and responsibility to complete
customer and company’s technology demands. Job satisfaction role affects
business. Organizational studies are focusing on employee satisfaction for
company’s has better future. Carefully understanding the various Job
satisfaction factor by gender-wise will help overall growth. Every employee
needs a happy working life.
Reference:
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